TOPIC 1.CLASSIFICATION KINGDOM FUNGI
The excess white blood cells
infiltrate body organs, for example the liver and the spleen. This causes
reduced efficiency in the functioning of these organs and their abnormal
enlargement.
Signs and symptoms of leukaemia
Leukemia is characterized by
abnormally high numbers of white blood cells, abnormal bleeding, e.g. nose
bleeding, bleeding even from minor cuts, extreme body weakness, anaemia, and
throat and mouth infections that may be recurrent.
Treatment of leukaemia
Leukaemia cannot be cured. However,
it is controlled by frequent blood transfusions, radiotherapy and chemotherapy
to kill the abnormal cells, and bone marrow transplants
High blood pressure (Hypertension)
The blood pressure of a normal human
being is 120/80 mmHg. Very high blood pressure (over 140/90)
strains the blood vessels and causes hypertension and sometimes heart failure.
Increase in blood pressure may be caused by high fat levels due to
over-consumption of fatty foods, lack of exercise, obesity, high emotional
stress, alcoholism and smoking, and arteriosclerosis.
Signs and symptoms of hypertension
The signs and symptoms of
hypertension include feeling dizzy, ringing sound in the ear and severe
headaches.
Prevention and treatment of
hypertension
Hypertension can be prevented by
engaging in regular exercises, avoiding alcohol and smoking, eating a balanced
diet with less fat to control weight and reducing stress as much as possible.
Hypertension can be treated using drugs.
Coronary thrombosis
Coronary thrombosis occurs when
there are blood clots in the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart
(coronary arteries). This prevents blood from reaching some tissues of the
heart. The affected tissues lack adequate amounts of oxygen and waste materials
accumulate in the cells to toxic levels.
Symptoms of coronary thrombosis
Coronary thrombosis is characterized
by uncomfortable pressure or sharp pain in the chest, sometimes extending to
the neck, shoulders and arms, excessive sweating, dizziness or fainting, nausea
or a feeling of severe indigestion and shortness of breath.
Effects of coronary thrombosis
Coronary thrombosis can cause death
of some cardiac tissue or sudden death.
Prevention and treatment of coronary
thrombosis
People can avoid coronary thrombosis
by doing regular exercise, avoiding sudden strenuous activity, avoiding alcohol
and smoking, minimize intake of fatty foods and avoiding excessive stress
Thrombosis can be treated by drugs.
Stroke
A stroke occurs when there is
interference in the amount of blood flowing to the brain. Such interference can
be due to blockage or rupture of an artery supplying blood to the brain. This
causes some brain cells to lack adequate oxygen and nutrients.
Symptoms of stroke
Symptoms of a stroke include sudden
numbness or weakness especially on one side of the body, sudden confusion or
trouble in understanding or speaking and sudden poor vision in one 01 both
eyes. The patient also experiences sudden dizziness, loss of balance, trouble
when walking 01 lack of coordination, and sudden severe headaches
Effects of a stroke
A stroke has severe effects on the
victim such as weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, leading to
difficulties in movement and coordination. It also causes lack of feeling on
one side of the body, speech or language problem; and loss of memory. Other
effects are behaviour changes, difficulty when swallowing and exhaustion.
Prevention and treatment of a stroke
A stroke can be avoided by avoiding
drinking and smoking, ensuring your blood pressure remains it the normal range
and exercising regularly. Eating a low-fat, low-salt diet can also prevent a
stroke Medication can help in the treatment of a stroke.
The Lymphatic system
The lymphatic system closely
resembles the blood circulatory system. It consists of lymph, lymph vessels
through which lymph travels, and lymphoid organs and tissues such as thymus,
adenoids, tonsils, lymph nodes and spleen.
Lymphatic system connects with the blood
circulatory system at the superior vena cava
