Biology : Skeletal System & Bones of Human Body
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| LABEL (ON DIAGRAM) ↕ | BONE NAME ↕ | EXPLANATION ↕ |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Cranium | Cranium, also known as the braincase (or sometimes skull), protects the brain from injury. It serves as the framework for the head. |
| 2 | Maxilla (Upper Jaw) | Maxilla is the upper jaw bone. It is somewhat pyramidal in shape and has a large cavity called the maxillary sinus. |
| 3 | Mandible (Lower Jaw) | Mandible forms the lower jaw. Mandible is the largest and the strongest facial bone. |
| 4 | Cervical vertebra | Cervical vertebrae are located at the back of the neck region. There are 7 cervical vertebrae. Atlas is the first cervical vertebra. |
| 5 | Clavicle (Collar Bone) | Clavicle is also known as the collar bone. Clavicle is a slender rod shaped bone located in the collar region. |
| 6 | Humerus | Humerus is located in the upper arm. The head of the humerus fits into the glenoid cavity of the pectoral girdle to form a ball and socket joint. |
| 7 | Sternum (Breast Bone) | Sternum is located at the centre of the thorax, i.e., the chest. It is a dagger-shaped bone that along with the ribs forms the rib cage. |
| 8 | Rib | There are 12 pairs of ribs. The last pair of ribs is called as the floating ribs because they are not attached to the sternum. |
| 9 | Radius | Radius is the bone located at the lateral side of the forearm. It extends from the elbow to the wrist. Radius along with Ulna constitutes the forearm. |
| 10 | Ulna | Ulna is the bone in the forearm that is aligned with the little finger. Ulna along with Radius constitutes the forearm. |
| 11 | Pelvic girdle (Hip Bone) | Pelvic girdle is a bony ring located at the base of the spine. It is composed of 2 hip bones which support the lower limbs. |
| 12 | Coccyx (Tailbone) | There are 4 caudal vertebrae at the end of the vertebral column. Caudal vertebrae are separate at birth, but in the later years they fuse together to form one single bone called coccyx (representing remnant of tail). |
| 13 | Carpals (Wrist bones) | Carpals are located in the wrist region. There are 8 nodule-like bones called carpals in the wrist region. |
| 14 | Metacarpals | Metacarpals are 5 small rod-shaped bones located in the palm region. |
| 15 | Phalanges | There are 14 phalanges in the fingers. The thumb has 2 phalanges whereas other fingers have 3 phalanges each. |
| 16 | Femur (Thigh bone) | Femur is located in the thigh region. The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the pelvic girdle to form a ball and socket joint. It is the longest and the heaviest bone. It supports the weight of the body. |
| 17 | Patella (Kneecap) | Patella is located in front of the knee joint. It is commonly known as the kneecap. It protects and covers the knee joint. |
| 18 | Fibula | Fibula is located in the calf region of the leg. Fibula along with Tibia constitutes the lower leg. |
| 19 | Tibia | Tibia is located in the shin region of the leg. Tibia along with Fibula constitutes the lower leg. Tibia is the larger of the two bones. |
| 20 | Tarsals | There are 7 tarsal bones in the ankle. Calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone which constitutes the heel. |
| 21 | Metatarsals | Metatarsals are 5 long rod-shaped bones. They are located between the tarsals and the phalanges. Metacarpals of hand are analogous to metatarsals of foot. |
| 22 | Phalanges | There are 14 phalanges in the toes. The big toe has two phalanges whereas other toes have three phalanges each. |
