BN : INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
BN : INDUSTRIAL
BIOTECHNOLOGY
FINAL
EXAMINATION 2007/2008
DATE: 3rd JANUARY 2008
TIME: 13.00 -15.00
INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN SECTION A AND ANY
TWO
QUESTIONS FROM SECTION B (TOTAL 60 MARKS)
________________________________________________________________________
SECTION A (TOTAL 30 Marks)
1. What is the meaning of the following terms?
(i) White biotechnology
(1 mark)
(ii)
Iodophase
(1 mark)
(ii) Maltitol
(1 mark)
(v) Bating
A treatment on leather using enzymes, to
make leather pliable and flexible, before tanning
During bating, scud is loosened and other
unwanted proteins are removed. Bating de-swells swollen pelts and prepares
leather for tanning. It makes the grain surface of the finished leather clean,
smooth and fine.
|
Palkobate
|
Protease for bating in alkaline pH
conditions
|
|
Palkocid
|
Protease for bating in acidic pH
conditions
|
(1 mark)
(Total 5 Marks)
2. What
are ligninases? Compare and contrast their role in biopulping and biobleaching
industrial processes
What are they? Diff Types of
ligninases
They act on lignin
(1 mark)
Role in Biopupling
What is pulping
(lignin is mechanical tissue – structure)
Pulping is softening
due to break down of lignin in wood
(1 mark)
Similarity
Role in
Biobleaching at the same time as biopulping since reduction of coloured lignin
is part bleaching,
Both environmentally
friendly, require specific conditions pH, temp, etc
(1.5 mark)
Difference: Biopulping:
softening and tissue breakdown
Bioleaching: colour
reduction
(1.5 marks)
(Total 5marks)
3. Compare and contrast the following concepts.
(i) Biopulping and
bioleaching
What are they (biopulping/bioleaching)
Differences in
objectives
1.25mark
Similarity in both
processes
1.25mark
(ii) Biological
de-inking and biological de-hairing
What are they
(de-inking/de-hairing)
Differences in
objectives
1.25mark
Similarity in both
processes
1.25mark
(5marks)
4. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of biomining?
What is biomining
Advantages
Disadvantages
(5 marks)
5. Some polysaccharides are
produced industrially by microbes and find
application in both
medicine and industry. Briefly explain
Correct example eg Xanthan or any other
1 mark
Industrial use
2 mark
Medicinal use
2 mark
(5 marks)
6. In the Pharmaceutical biotechnology industry, ‘yield’ is
amongst the most important parameters.
Using any specific
example briefly discuss this statement.
Any examples to cover
Strain development
including mutagenesis and genetic engineering
1.5mark
Substrate improvement including supplementation 1.5mark
Improved Process
parameters/ Culture techniques
1.5mark
Examples of specific
product and its yields
eg
2mg/L – 1000mg/L Penicilin 1.5mark
(6 marks)
(5 marks)
SECTION B (TOTAL 30 MARKS)
7. Write an essay on the use of Genetic Engineering in
production of enzymes used in the
industrial biotechnology.
9. ‘Carbohydrases have a potential in industrial utilization
of agriculture wastes and
residues in a
country like Tanzania ’.
Write an essay to support this statement.
What are
carbohydrases
Enzyme E.C 3
(HYDROLASES)Classification
Activity: carbohydrases add water and split glycosidic and
related bonds/ depolymerization
to
polyhydroxy ketone/aldehydes
Nomenclature: According
to substrate Example: cellulase/inulinase/
(3
marks)
Identification of
an available/abundant waste in Tanzania
Coffee or cotton, or
Sisal
Identification of a
carbohydrate
(2 marks)
Description of any
one industrial biotechnology project useful for Tanzania
Substrate description
including pre treatment and other preparation steps including grinding,
dilution to optimal concentrations etc (2 marks)
Mode of industrial
production; fed batch, batch etc (3 marks)
Supplementation, need
of, etc process enhancement (1 marks)
The actual
carbohydrase being used either from microbes/or enzymes to bring about the
process. (GM status etc mentioned if
possible), issues associated with. (2 marks)
Product details –
recovery, storage, uses etc etc (2 marks)
