STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN TANZANIA

STATE AND DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL INFORMATION IN TANZANIA

Prof. Aldin K. Mutembei

Institute of Kiswahili Professionals, University of Dar es Salaam

Introduction Dates 20 and 21, August 2013, an international conference was held to commemorate the efforts of Shaaban Robert to promote Swahili. The conference held in Bukoba, was organized by the Tanzania Development Forum and Poetry Tanzania (UKUTA), assisting with the National Swahili Council - BAKITA, and Swahili lovers from the Swahili Institute of Trades - TATAKI. The meeting was attended by professionals and Swahili lovers from Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, with the aim of celebrating 50 years from Shaaban Robert's death on June 20, 1962. This was an important gathering as it combined with children of Swahili magicians, the only child Shaaban Robert, Mr. Ikibal and son of Sheikh Amri Abeid Kaluta, namely Sheikh Bakri Abedi Kaluta.

At the same time, the National Language Association, Kenya - CHAKITA organized a meeting in Nairobi to remember 50 years in Swahili in Kenya. The conference also took place from 20 to 24 August 2013. Therefore, the Newsletter to discuss negotiations on Swahili literature in Tanzania has been a good and relevant issue of Swahili awareness in Tanzania and Africa in general. One of the most common amongst secondary and college students. The Association of Swahili Students of East African Universities - CHAWAKAMA will compel pupils to develop English-speaking debate in Rwanda and Africa in general at the end of August 2013. So the newsletter really brings information and timely information to the African continent. East.

In this brief article, I will discuss in general, State and literary development. I will not look at the ideas that there are literature among Africans or not. The disputes have been observed somewhere since the 1970s, and have produced two important books in the debate: Ruth Finnegan's (1970) and later Isidore Okpewho (1992) literature in Africa and African literature. African literature is still continuing to get a lot from the narrative, and much research should be done about what is not written and is not well-known among those who really get knowledge from the text. African literature is an old-fashioned scholarship and distinguishing between world literature.

However, this article will look at the Swahili literature in Tanzania in recent years. We will look at the emergence of narratives such as poetry especially among young people, the development of rural women's songs, poetry narratives and audiences in eastern Africa with the emergence of oral art galleries and movies in the radio and radio. In the oldest, we will look at poetry, narrative, short stories and novels that discuss various issues about Swahili life especially in these years of globalization.

The literary situation is not literary literature is a form of literature whose existence depends largely on oral narrative. This literature is the oldest in the world, and it is the literary parent. All the text types were, and yet others continue to narrative. Through this literature, community members share experiences, interact with each other, Birds and to provide mass and creativity information through artistic and creativity without using text. "The method of artistic and creative" is the basic words that make these narratives a literary. Therefore, not every narrative is literary, but only what is the basis for artistic and creative creativity.

In recent years the release of this literary literature in Tanzania has had a dramatic change. These changes are the result of technological growth and use of electronic media. From the contact situation together, the audience and the commentators, now the literature has been archived through television or radio. It can be placed in the region and in the video and video so that those who are not present at the time of the audience should still hear or see the relevant narrative, sometime.

For example, While growing in Tanzania since 1973 (Zanzibar), Tanzania mainland, television has begun in 1994, as Martin Sturmer said in his study (1998). Explaining the argument, Moore (1996) argued that the ban on Tanzania's continent's television and the presence of Radio One (RTD) since independence years was a government strategy to build the Union of the United Nations, brotherhood and brotherhood through Swahili. The RTD built and focused on this culture. In it, it built a Swahili literature and developed a standard Swahili language. In the mid-1980s, the main objectives of Tanzania's development were achieved, including a large number of literacy in Africa. So at the beginning of the 1990s as we said earlier, Tanzanian leaders realized the time had come to allow many radio stations and several television stations.

Today in Tanzania there are 8 TVs, Radio 38, and 71 of these magazines, each of which are 18. It's in these communications agencies where literary literature goes through reaching people. On television, for example, the popular "mother and son" period that was ravaged by Radio Tanzania, has now been changed by the mother (s) appearing with children, studio. Other children outside the studio can ask her questions and work with their kids to sing or beat. We can see the contribution of a woman to childhood development while being developed in modern ways. We can see how criticism of the literary narratives you have adapted to agree with the modern situation.

Address, songs in new generation music or as "bongo fleva" (see www.bongoflava.com; and so on, 2012) promoting not just inspiration but education and ideas and debates about politics, self-defense and disease, discussing challenges Everyday things and things that really affect young people. In the TV, movie and drama films, they are popular with the people on the street. Common and low-income citizens have continued to find this literature in a unique way. Their literary love has led to vendors and entrepreneurs to open theaters for displaying the films for free. These stations are not as formal. Those who do not have TV at home gather and break in apartments that have TV and see the film or comedy for a little bit. We can compare this "culture" that is made up of that of Western citizens to go to movies in theaters.

As well as the most popular centers, poems and musical instruments are subsidiaries that are scattered throughout many Tanzanian communities through FM stations that are not close to every region. At present there are 30 regions and 146 districts. So 38 radio stations in Tanzania are a sign of a major change in this information transaction. Through these radio, literary narrative, though it has changed from the old corpse, still holds the same liability: to make people listen and to find an artistic message that is filled with great creativity. Still many people continue to get stories in Swahili, and sing poems through these radio.

Speech and Literature Literature In general, through these major media, Radio and TV, several things are discussed about what is happening to the community. For example, through these agencies, all Tanzania has been involved in understanding the killings of people with skin disorders, Albino that occur mainly in Shinyanga and Mwanza regions. Songs are designed to resist this cruelty. The songs are designed to encourage people to understand what is going on and to resist the Christian beliefs. Poetry in the schools heard the defense of Albino's voice in order to gain the right to live with the right to education in a peaceful environment.

Another thing that is now debated by the literary is to encourage people to tolerate and to have different religious beliefs. The existence of different religions has never been a matter of debate in Tanzania. However, recent acts of fighting, hatred and hatred have begun to emerge to develop religious issues. Therefore, once a society has begun to express itself through literary narratives. Here are some poems now that are loudly opposed this new relationship among community members who are essentially brothers. At various meetings, when there are groups of singers, then you will not hear songs about the tolerance and love of people of different religions. These songs are not only available at FM stations, but also on TVs that have emerged to record events. This non-fictional purpose for religious reasons is new in Swahili literature.

In addition to these intentions, The commitment that has now been established and rooted in the community is the one that deals with the AIDS epidemic. Songs, poetry, drama and drama have begun to talk about this catastrophe exactly in the late 1980s (Taz Mutembei, 2001 and 2002). There are currently various songs about AIDS, its symptoms, its effects and especially how to avoid them are sung around each region. Thus, in recent years it seems that the literary narrative has elaborated from the past intentions such as anti-riotism and ignorance, and to focus on the affairs of these times as described. However, this does not mean that the old things have been abandoned. This is awesome! Violence is still a debate among young people especially in their newborn songs. So far from these intentions, there is a political issue especially about the parties and the governance.

In politics, The new generation songs are talking about this very much. Maybe joining the parliament and becoming an elected MP, the singer of these songs has awarded bongo flava songs. Today, young people are singing and discussing the meaning and participation of many parties in the Tanzanian politics. They are singing about the constitutional change and access to the New Constitution of Tanzania. The issue that is now being debated is the significance and structure of the Union of Tanzania. This mission did not get you before. It was unthinkable for citizens to talk about the union. At one point it was considered a serious mistake and a taboo. Now the literary power of the story has broken this taboo and the government has allowed the debate to exist. These are the few about literary liability in these era in Tanzania. These intentions also appear in literary literature.

Spoken by Instituted Literature First, Many people have had the ability to write as it was years ago. This is also a result of the possibility of publishing the work of authors. Past printing was a matter of doubt. Development in technology, especially the use of Computer on the one hand; And business exposure as a result of free market, has led traders to engage in this area of ​​delivery, marketing and distribution. Today there are many publishers and books.

In the magazines (which, as shown, there are more than 71 magazines) there are short stories and poems. Some of the short stories contain a series of versions where for each issue of the magazine there is a continuation of the same story. From such a series, famous authors Eric Shigongo (taz www.globalpublishers). Info) have emerged to encourage people to change from poverty. (See www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nV4AGsqOgo). Due to the involvement of such people, young people buy magazines and read, wanting to learn how to live a comfortable life.

In addition to the short stories, the poems of the poetry have continued to be replaced in newspapers. Short stories discuss long-term issues, visa and visa that have existed in society for a long time. So, poetry is discussing recent events. It's just as we can watch the news about the current events (breaking news), and that's how it comes to poetry. This does not mean that the poetry has stopped discussing the root demands of the community. This is awesome! These intentions are still debated by poetry. But the flames and the fire blames are described as literary and poetry more than a short story or novel.

Apart from poetry and short stories, novels (or long stories) have had a number of scholars. From the design and philosophy (such as the Apostasy and the Apostles' Credibility) today, there are threats to young people like the novel of their world (Said Ahmed Mohamed Khamis, 2006) where the author deals with many issues about young people in the world. Deserving of these ages.

Despite the intentions of AIDS, (Citizen Disability Novels, Fluent Fraud, African Stories: for publishers and teachers, are a few examples), in novel, now there is a new mission. In the Free Market Caucus (2002) Chachage writes about the effects of engaging in free market without preparing and having fewer corrupt people who are destroying the community that has grown in social harmony. There is a debate on mining business (eg, Black Money Novel, Oscar Ulomi, 2006). This is a matter that has continued to shake the Tanzanian community so far. In spite of minerals, gas and oil discovery has led to poetry in poetry especially in poetry.

In addition, the other is about illegal drug trade and its impact on the community (Taz Children's Ntilie's Children, 2002 of E. Mbogo). An analyst can see changes in the Tanzanian community for these three books: The Chainage Chain which refers to corruption, About the Occupation of Minerals and Diabetes for Drugs. This is a contrast to the literature of Tanzania that embraces Socialism and emphasizes unity and harmony amongst society. In fact, the Karumuna Exhibition (2004) in the Dark Sunshine, demonstrates such changes among religious organizations. Great changes are happening now where some people have made the Church a kind of business. So there is a flood of many "revival" churches. Due to social and personal problems, many societies have a psychological and ethical need. People have lost their desire for a good life, and moral decline has overwhelmed grief among the people. Therefore, the wave of churches praying for people to gain grace and good life has become great. However, as Karumuna says, The leaders of these churches have often discouraged their believers, where they have been involved in life in violation of their morals, or have been arrested and accused of illegal business pursuing "behind the altar". These are a completely new idea in the literary literature.

Despite these intentions, the issue of superstitiousism has still been in the heat of the literary fire. For example, Gabriel Ruondolaka writes about superstition in the Novel Tragedy of the Patriarchs, 2002. And in his story published online by Lulu publishers, Ltatinisibwa Kamala is accustomed to the Albanian Revolution (2010). It is a murder that is based on the superstitious beliefs of getting rich wealth.

This ambitious ambitious approach to the Catholicism is enhanced by the presence of films mainly from Nigeria (Nollywood) that are translated into Swahili and featured on TV. As I said earlier, most rural people in particular look at these films that have been translated into video clips and sold. Video operators around urban and urban areas, particularly attract young people by showing these films a little bit.

The publication of the Challenge Drama (E. Maintenance, 2010) introduces another new focus on the rights of people with disabilities in society. This issue has a profound connection with the religious beliefs and albinic killings on the one hand and the inflammation infringement and the search of Nigeria film as described. These issues relate to the Tanzanian community life in pursuit of unemployed wealth, which is an obscure in the free trade life. The history and accountability of today's broadcasts in globalization has changed the lives of many societies to want to be rich without worrying about the wealth.

Tanzania's Literary Conclusion, as modern-day life reflects the effects of globalization. Whether you are literary or literary literature, they all look at the lives of Tanzanians as they are in the path. From a life-threatening lifestyle to live together and to love one another during socialism, there is now a selfish life. From the lives of many people to have a prevalence of things, there is now a deceptive lifestyle about the potential for people to have wealth for a short time. These things, If you are written in the literary work and narrated in poems and stories, but also featured in the film in the television. It's a life that is ridiculed through in-house radio and television shows. The emergence of many spectacular groups is a way of artists to reduce the disappointment of the poor Tanzanian society. It is also a way to ridicule those who run for wealth and do not want to work.

Swahili Literature in Tanzania, and perhaps in East Africa is passing through a period of change. This issue also reflects changes in socio-economic issues and in education and politics. There has been a desire for more people to want to read. This has led to the presence of many secondary schools and colleges, even where there are no teachers or equipment and designs insufficient. Everyone wants education. This is not a bad issue, but it needs to be prepared.

Literature discusses this new awareness in education and focuses on poor preparation. It discusses the effects of unemployment and rush into the Christian faith. Faith that eliminates the rights of those with disabilities and fears into the family. This fear, which is taken by new church leaders to encourage their believers, to bring them back to life, while the leaders are enriching themselves with the money of the sacrifice and other harvest. They all understand in Swahili literature that has made a new commitment to how society goes through the period of change. Some References It discusses the effects of unemployment and rush into the Christian faith. Faith that eliminates the rights of those with disabilities and fears into the family. This fear, which is taken by new church leaders to encourage their believers, to bring them back to life, while the leaders are enriching themselves with the money of the sacrifice and other harvest. They all understand in Swahili literature that has made a new commitment to how society goes through the period of change. Some References It discusses the effects of unemployment and rush into the Christian faith. Faith that eliminates the rights of those with disabilities and fears into the family. This fear, which is taken by new church leaders to encourage their believers, to bring them back to life, while the leaders are enriching themselves with the money of the sacrifice and other harvest. They all understand in Swahili literature that has made a new commitment to how society goes through the period of change. Some References While the leaders are boasting about the money of the offering and the other harvest. They all understand in Swahili literature that has made a new commitment to how society goes through the period of change. Some References While the leaders are boasting about the money of the offering and the other harvest. They all understand in Swahili literature that has made a new commitment to how society goes through the period of change.

Some References

• 1. Moore, D. (1996). Reaching the villages: Radio in Tanzania. Journal of the North American Shortwave Association.
• 2. Sturmer, M. (1998). The Media History of Tanzania. Ndanda Mission Press).
• 3. Finnegan, R. (1970). Oral Literature in Africa, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• 4. Okphoho, I. (1992). African Oral Literature. Backgrounds, Character and Continuity, Bloomington: Indiana University Press
• 5. Dated, DK (2012). Entertainment-Education Communication Strategy in Tanzania: The Efficacy and Efficiency of Bongo Flava TV programs in Youth behavior influence, LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Saarbrucken, Germany